14. GLOSS OF SUBSTANCES

14. GLOSS OF SUBSTANCES

The reasons for gloss of substances, as in the case of the color of substances, are:

1) qualitative and quantitative composition of chemical elements of the substance;

2) quality of particles bombarding elements;

Gloss is an optical property:

1) either originally inherent to the chemical elements of the substance – appeared together with the emergence of these elements;

2) or acquired by friction caused by another substance that has strong chemical bonds.

Let's consider successively both cases of existence of the gloss. At first - inherent, then – acquired.

Gloss is inherent in elements, which manifest metallic properties.

The metallic properties of chemical elements are due Are caused by the manifestation outward of the total Field of Attraction, but not the Field of Repulsion.  And the more its magnitude - the Field of Attraction, the stronger the metallic properties of the element.

The more particles with the gravitational field in the chemical element, the larger its total Field of Attraction.  However, this does not mean that this element will have the manifested externally Field Attraction. After all, if for example the particles with repulsion fields will prevail in its peripheral layers, so they, in this way, will shield the Field of Attraction of the Element core. And as a result, not a Field of Attraction, but a Repulsion Field can manifest itself outward from such an element.

Elements-metals, unlike nonmetallic elements, continue to build their "body" constantly at any opportunity. Thanks to the Fields of Attraction existing in metal elements free elementary particles of any quality, which find themselves in a coverage area of these Fields, they are attracted to such elements. Attracted free elementary particles accumulate in the intervals between the elements and on the surface of the metallic body. 

Accumulation of optical photons of any type in the composition of a substance, consisting of metal elements, just leads to the appearance of characteristic metallic gloss. The mechanism of its occurrence is explained as follows.

Those surfaces of chemical elements of substance, which do not participate in the formation of chemical bonds with each other, usually reflect "light" (and other elementary particles). And of course first of all, these are chemical elements on the surface of a body containing metal elements. Moreover, not only optical photons accumulate, and elementary particles of any quality that fall within the zone of action of the gravitational field of the substance. For example, infrared or radio photons. Herewith the particles with the gravitational fields are attracted best of all, since they in contrast to particles with a repulsion field do not create a repulsive force in relation to a chemical element.

However, the main role in the appearance of metallic gloss is played by elementary particles with repulsion fields. 

Elements-metals, unlike nonmetallic elements, due to the large magnitude of the Fields of Attraction have a remarkable ability to accumulate not only free particles with the fields of attraction, but also particles with repulsion fields. Particles with Repulsion Fields create a Repulsion Force in the particles to be contacted. However, it is due to the large force of attraction caused by the elements of metals the repulsive force of particles Yang does not cause them to move away from these elements. So they are withheld in their composition.

Here it is necessary to remind that the particles with repulsion fields predominate in the composition of the radiation of any celestial body (for example, the Sun). Herewith, the number of particles, belonging to the radio and infrared ranges, is the largest. 

So, the particles with repulsion fields mainly of the radio and infrared ranges accumulating on the surface of metal elements create a kind of "protective layer" in the form of ether emitted by particles (this is the ether of the Repulsion Fields). 

Thus, the accumulation on the surface of the metal elements the particles with repulsion fields leads to the fact that the falling on the element particles are poorly absorbed and almost completely reflected (repelled). We perceive reflection in the unchanged qualitative and quantitative composition of the falling optical photons as metalic glosser.

And, pay attention. Due to the fact that the elements of metals have large fields of attraction accumulated by them on the surface of free particles, which are responsible for the increased reflectivity of metals, when colliding with them of falling photons are not emitted themselves. Ie they remain in the chemical element. That is why gloss of many metals has the mirrored character. This means that they do not add to the reflected light beam the emitted ray. If, however, the reflected beam is added to the emitted ray - ie accumulated free particles are also emitted in a significant amount, then it is no longer a question of glosser, but of the white color of a chemical element.

As is known, there are many types of chemical elements of metals. They differ from each other in the magnitude of their Fields of Attraction. Those of them, whose Fields of Attraction are not so large, will not have a mirror shine. Instead, there will be a dull sheen, somewhere close to white color. And all this is due to the fact that these elements emit a lot of their own accumulated free particles.

Not only optical photons may be reflected. Reflection of IR and radio photons occurs even better because they absorb less ether in a unit of time. And, consequently, the force of attraction that arises in them with respect to the element is less. It is known, for example, that metals reflect the predominant number of IR and radio photons falling on them. Radio photons are reflected by metals in a greater degree compared to IR photons. The last property - the reflection of radio-photons - is the basis for receiving of radio and television broadcasts.

13. GRAY COLOR - WHAT'S THE CAUSE OF ITS EXISTENCE?

13. GRAY COLOR - WHAT'S THE CAUSE OF ITS EXISTENCE?

As is known from experience, at low intensity of the falling "light" (at twilight) all the colored substances acquire a dark gray color. This is due to the very low content of visible photons in the emitted-reflected "light beams" in general. Although some their number is still contained, which explains the presence at least of gray color at substances. And besides that, the gray colors in the twilight are not quite gray. Substances are characterized by a subtle hue, which is well evident at higher irradiance. The degree of color discrimination is determined by the intensity of the falling "light".

But, in addition to the gray color that appears at dusk the gray color exists independently - ie it manifests itself irrespective of the level of illumination.

The chemical element will be painted in gray: 1) first, if  the areas with "bare" visible photons of a certain color initially are not present at its periphery that does not allow to create any color sensation (note that the same thing happens in the case the emergence of color of both white and black colors); 2) secondly, very few zones with the Fields of Attraction are present in the external manifestation of the quality of such elements and the magnitude of these Fields is not sufficient, which is the reason for the weak accumulation of elementary particles (including visible photons). Therefore, in the emitted-reflected "light rays" of such elements there is no predominance of visible photons of any quality that are able to create a visual sensation of any color. And in addition, in an emitted-reflected ray there are very few of accumulated free visible photons.

We can assume that the gray color is a light tone of black color. I.e. a zero coloration together with the emission of a small amount of accumulated visible photons. 

12. WHITENING EFFECT OF THE SUN AND BLEACHERS

12. WHITENING EFFECT OF THE SUN AND BLEACHERS

Surely you noticed that things for a long time exposed to intense solar radiation “lose color”. “Loss of color” means that the tone of things’ color becomes lighter.  Used in everyday life bleaching agents have exactly the same effect on the color of things. What happens in this case with the chemical elements of the bleached substances?

If we explain what is happening in a nutshell, then everything is very simple - excess amount of free elementary particles are accumulated on the surface of chemical elements. And among these elementary particles there are many visible photons of all colors.    

Let’s, at first, consider the mechanism of “loss of color” on the example of the action of solar radiation.

The solar particles emitted by the Sun moving by inertia reach the planets. They continue their movement. Herewith they are attracted by elements of the atmosphere, through which they move. Chemical elements of the atmosphere accumulate free particles on their surface. Further these particles descend towards the center of the planet, moving from element to element on their surface.

Thus, elements of all substances on the surface accumulate free particles in two ways. Either those particles are accumulated that inertially move in the composition of a light ray and directly collide with these elements. Or those particles are accumulated, which move from element to element, flowing down.  

So, when the elements of some substance accumulate particles, directly meeting their flow, experiencing a collision with them, then they accumulate much more particles (including visible photons), if when they accumulate particles moving from element to element.

That's why, when substances are exposed to direct sunlight (in a hot climate and in the hot season), they accumulate on their surface excessive amount of free particles and therefore of visible photons of all colors. As result, there occurs color clarification of this substance. The mechanism of color clarification is described in detail in the article “Light and dark color tones (when the intensity of the falling light changes)”.

 Bleaching agents work similarly. Chlorine-containing compounds and hydrogen peroxide are the most used among them. The active component in the composition of chlorine bleaches is chlorine. In the composition of hydrogen peroxide the element that responsible for bleaching is oxygen.  

As known, oxygen percentage in the composition of peroxide is higher compared to water. The elements and chlorine, and oxygen are very active oxidants. The fact that they are located in the upper periods indicates to us that they have in the structure of their nuclei less particles with gravity fields, than elements of the lower lying periods. And that fact that and oxygen and chlorine under normal conditions are in a gaseous state indicates to us that in their composition there are many particles with repulsion fields.

The characteristic feature of both types of elements is the presence in the composition of their surface layers a significant number of particles of two colors – blue and red.

As we have already learned, not only visible photons can belong to one of the three primary colors. Particles of any level of any Plan have in their composition the particles of the three primary colors (blue, yellow and red).

So, the particles of red and blue colors in the surface layers of elements – this is primarily IR and radio photons. Exactly the particles of blue color are responsible for the existence of areas in the elements on their surface, where the Field Attraction outwardly manifests, herewith sufficient in magnitude for accumulation there of sufficient number of free particles.

Elements of chlorine have the higher total percentage of such zones than elements of oxygen. That is why any chlorine element always accumulates more free particles than any element of oxygen. Due to the fact that the magnitude of Attractive Fields and in oxygen, and in chlorine is incomparably more than in any metal element, they very good give away the accumulated particles to the elements with more pronounced metallic properties. This is precisely their "oxidizing ability". Elements of chlorine are always stronger oxidants, than oxygen elements. Among the accumulated free particles there are many visible photons of all colors. When oxygen or chlorine in the composition of bleachers contacts with elements of bleached substances, they give them their accumulated particles.

As a result, an excessive number of visible photons appears on the surface of the elements in the composition of the bleached substances.  This leads to the lightening the color tones of substance. The mechanism of lightening is absolutely the same as in the case of action of sunlight.

   

11. LIGHT AND DARK COLOR TONES (INHERENT FROM THE BEGINNING). WHITE AND BLACK COLORS

11. LIGHT AND DARK COLOR TONES (INHERENT FROM THE BEGINNING). WHITE AND BLACK COLORS

Besides the fact that any colors change their tone in response to a change of intensity of the falling radiation, there are colors initially with a lighter tone and colors of darker tone.

So, there are substances having the same color. But in this case the given color of some substances has a lighter shade, and others - a darker. Why so? And that is why.  

If two substances - one of which is a lighter colored and other is a darker colored - have the same color - this fact indicates that their periphery has the same qualitative and quantitative composition of visible photons. 

However, the chemical elements responsible for color of these substances have different external manifestations of quality - i.e. the common qualitative and quantitative composition of these elements will be different. And as a consequence - Force fields of these elements will be different.  

As we said in the article "The coloration of the bodies" Force fields of chemical elements may constitute the Fields of Attraction, Fields of Repulsion or be neutral. And the magnitude of these fields can be different. Besides a separately taken element as part of the Force Field can have sections of different qualities. For example somewhere may manifest the Field of Attraction of one magnitude and on other areas of the surface - of other value.

So here the chemical elements of the lighter colored substance will have a magnitude of the Attractive Field on the areas accumulating free particles more than the elements of the darker substance. Just the sections with large Fields of Attraction accumulate free particles.  The visible photons of all colors are present among these free particles and emitting during collisions they totally  give light (white) color.   The visible photons determining the common color of chemical elements of this substance are emitted by those areas of the chemical elements, where the Force Field is neutral or its magnitude is not large, because of what small amount of free particles are accumulated on these sections (or they are not accumulated at all). Taken together visible photons giving a total color together with the visible photons of all colors determine this or that tone (light or dark) of the total color. 

Here I want to draw your attention to the next moment. If the magnitude of the Attractive Fields on those sections, which accumulate the free particles in great numbers,  is too great,  then the given substance will have not light shade of some color. No, it will be already a metal having a given color and It will be characterized by a metallic luster.  This is explained by the fact that the said sections accumulating a lot of free particles emit poorly the accumulated particles in collisions with them the bombarding luminous flux. Thus, only reflected visible photons remain mainly in the reflectivity-emitted light beam.

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White color that is inherent from the beginning for the elements of one or another  substance represents thus an extreme case of light tone of any coloration. The white color tells us that the entire surface of the chemical elements accumulates a sufficient amount of free particles, among which there are a lot of visible photons  of all colors, which will be emitted at falling on them of bombarding particles. Herewith,  in the composition of surface layers there are very little  number of areas (or not at all), which doesn't accumulate free particles and in the composition of which there are visible photons.  

And in general, there are many very light, almost white variants of color, which yet aren't absolutely white. They have a small almost indistinguishable tint of one or another color, created by emitted photons accumulated on the periphery of elements of this substance.

As for the elements of the dark-colored substance the same color as the light-colored, which was mentioned before, they have on those sections, which accumulate free particles, less Fields of Attractions, than the elements of the light-colored substance. Because of this they can emit less visible photons (accumulated in the composition of free particles) in response to the falling on them of bombarding particles.

As a result such element contains less accumulated visible photons in response to the falling on it of elementary particles in the composition of reflected-emitted light ray.  

I.e. the total light rays emitted by this element are less diluted by visible photons of all colors and the color does not seem so light. The less the Fields of Attraction of elements of substance, the less in the light ray the number of visible photons of all colors, the darker will be the tone of this light ray and correspondingly the coloration of this substance.

Black color as well as white is another one last variant of coloration of substances elements. White color is due to prevalence of visible photons of all colors among the emitted photons because of the larger magnitude of Attractive Field of the elements of this substance. And black color – this is somewhat zero coloration. And this variant is determined: at first, by the sufficiently small magnitude of the element’s Attractive Field, because of what free particles practically do not accumulate on the surface of the element. And secondly, this is because of absence on its periphery of visible photons of some particular color generally. As a result, in response to the fall on this element of elementary particles any visible photons aren’t emitted.

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Metallic luster – this is an extreme case of light coloration of elements. The Field of Attraction of the metal element is so great that the element in response to the fall of elementary particles emits very little even of accumulated optical photons. I.e. there occurs mainly only the reflection of the falling visible photons. Hence the ability of a number of metals especially in polished form to reflect in unchanged qualitative and quantitative composition.

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Thus, we can sum up a little and make a general conclusion: the chemical elements of substances colored darker (where an extreme case is black color) summarily have the less Fields of Attraction than colored lighter (where an extreme case is white color.

10. LIGHT AND DARK COLOR TONES (WHEN THE INTENSITY OF THE FALLING LIGHT CHANGES)

10. LIGHT AND DARK COLOR TONES (WHEN THE INTENSITY OF THE FALLING LIGHT CHANGES) 

And now we are back again to the topic of coloration and will  consider, why there are substances painted identically, but at the same time  some of them have the lighter tones and others are darker.

At first the color of any substance under the rays of "light" falling on it (visible photons) becomes lighter. And with decreasing intensity of falling "light" -  i.e. at nightfall - the color tone becomes darker and darker. And at a minimum illumination all substances seem dark dark gray, almost black.  The explanation for this is such.

When approximately the same percentage of visible photons of all colors is contained in "light rays" emitted or reflected by the source of "light",  our visual analyzer does not distinguish between individual colors - i.e. it does not fix the prevalence of visible photons of  some one color. Our brain just characterizes the color of this "light ray" as "white", "light" apparently, because it's great the total number of visible photons entering into the eye per unit of time.  

When any substance exposed to bombardment by elementary particles (which include the visible photons), in response to this its chemical elements emit from the periphery own visible photons, whose quality determines the coloration of this substance. Together with the emission of own visible photons there occurs a reflection of falling "light rays".

In the light ray consisting of the emitted and reflected visible photons will predominate the visible photons, causing the coloration of the substance, because  in the composition of the falling "light ray" the visible photons of the same color also are necessarily present.

Addition of reflected photons to the emitted makes the total "light rays" lighter - more "white". 

As a result, the greater the intensity of the falling "light" (i.e. the more photons in the falling "light rays", the lighter becomes the tone of color coloration of the substance.

And the more the intensity of the falling "light", the more the substance color approaches the white. This arises when the number of reflected visible photons greatly exceeds the number of emitted.

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And now let's talk about why with decreasing the intensity of the falling "light rays", the tone of substance coloration becomes darker and darker. The explanation will be opposite the previous one.

The lower the intensity of the falling "light ray", the less the intensity and of the reflected  - i.e. the less number of visible photons falls per unit of time on the elements of substance, the less number of them will be reflected.  Therefore, the less light, less bright will be a visual sensation created by the total emitted-reflected "light ray".   Respectively the tone of this substance color will be darker.

And in addition to this, the less the intensity of falling "light rays", the less the number of emitted visible photons. I.e. in response to decrease in the number of bombarding particles the number of emitted particles reduces. As a result the "light shade" ("whiteness") of the total  emitted-reflected "light ray" also decreases due to the decrease of the number of emitted visible photons in its composition. Therefore the coloration of substance becomes  darker and darker.

While the intensity of falling "light rays" decreases, substance color more and more approaches to black. I.e. at nightfall the substance turns black (becomes dark). This is explained by the fact that there is a decrease of the number of emitted visible photons causing this or that coloration of the substance, due to the fact that there is a decrease of the number of falling particles, which can enhance the degree of transformation of peripheral particles and force them to leave the element.

Thus, black color is it is the absence of color caused by absence (complete or almost complete) in the total emitted-reflected "light ray" of any visible photons.

White color - it is also the absence of some specific color. However, unlike the black color the presence of white color is caused by the presence of significant amount of visible photons of all colors in the total emitted-reflected "light ray". 

09. WHY SUBSTANCES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ONE OR ANOTHER COLOR?

09. WHY SUBSTANCES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ONE OR ANOTHER COLOR?

Two processes cause the color coloration of substances at normal temperature (or close to it) – reflection, coupled with the emission. Under normal conditions all substances are just in a slightly heated condition. The temperature that is typical for normal conditions or close to it, inherent for surface layers of a celestial body of planetary type.

Thus, on the surface of the planet we perceive the coloration of the substances due to the reflection of the falling visible photons and of emission of the accumulated solar visible photons that are punched out by particles falling on the atoms. The emission of accumulated visible photons of all presented types in response to bombardment by the falling on elements elementary particles together with the reflected visible photons determines the color that this atom will have in our perception.

Since our visual analyzers are tuned on the perception only of visible photons, so it's interesting for us the presence in the composition of atoms exactly this species of elementary particles.

How is it that the chemical elements are painted in certain colors?

As we already know from chemistry, every chemical element has unique, peculiar to it alone qualitative and quantitative characteristic. This characteristic indicates the quality and quantity of all particles presented in the composition of the element. And the Force Field of the element manifested externally precisely corresponds to this characteristic. It means that above the each particle in the composition of the surface layer we will perceive from the side or the Field of Attraction, or the Field of Repulsion. And the magnitude of these fields over each particle can have its own value different from other.

For what purpose is it said? In order to remind - where the chemical element manifests outside the Field of Attraction, there is an accumulation of free particles coming from the Sun. These solar particles accumulating on the surface of the chemical elements contribute to the characteristics of visual perception of this chemical element - i.e. whether the element will create shine or coloration or other optical property. And if it's coloration, so in which color will be painted the element? And what tone will be inherent to the color - light or dark?

In order for the color inherent in the element manifests outwards, it is necessary that solar photons of a certain color accumulate on its surface.

It is the zones on the surface of the element where free particles accumulate that will be responsible for the color of the atom.

And also for how the tone of the chemical element will be light or dark. The more such zones, the brighter will be the tone of the overall color. The less number of these zones, the darker. It is explained very simply.

In response to the bombardment of falling particles, the atom emits accumulated solar photons. They determine the color of atom.

When in the "light rays" emitted or reflected by a source of "light" approximately the same percentage of visible photons of all colors is contained, our visual analyzer does not distinguish between individual colors - i.e. it does not define the prevalence of the visible photons of some one color. Our brain just characterizes the color of this "light ray" as "white", "light", probably due to the fact that the total number of visible photons entering into the eye per unit of time is large. As a result, approximately an equal number of visible photons of all colors adds to the visible photons responsible for the color of this element. This makes the light beam lighter.

In our case, if we want to assess the color features of one or another chemical element, we will be interested in the color of the solar visible photons accumulated in the peripheral layers.

Any atom (chemical element) is a planet of microscopic dimensions.
But remember the principle - "Both above and below."

There is no biological life on this microscopic planet, as we have on Earth. However, as in the Earth, in the center of any atom is a dense body - the core. And the building material of this core are the complexes of simple elementary particles. These are protons, neutrons and many other varieties of unstable elementary particles, which scientists continue and continue to “discover”.

And how could it be otherwise?

The basis of protons, neutrons and other unstable conglomerates are fundamental elementary particles of the Physical Plane (and not only, if we are talking about biological objects).

At least one stable (fundamental, indivisible) particle has joined or left the atom - and immediately the “quality” of the conglomerate - an unstable particle - changes.

Quality is the total mass / anti-mass, +charge / -charge, Attraction Field / Repulsion Field, Matter / Spirit, mass / energy, etc.

Imagine how many atoms can exist!

And they exist!

Remember the table of D. Mendeleev. Isotopes. Isobars ...

Some atoms that contain more protons, neutrons (etc.) - lower periods, as well as a smaller percentage of particles in the red part of the spectrum - the initial groups of the table, have a larger Attraction Field, accumulate more solar particles.

And vice versa - atoms with less number of protons and other complex particles are the upper periods, and with a larger percentage of particles in the red part of the spectrum - the groups on the right side of the table have a smaller Attraction Field and accumulate less solar particles.

Inert gases contain a very large percentage of red photons in the composition of protons and neutrons. Therefore, they weakly accumulate solar particles and hardly enter into chemical reactions.

Photons of different ranges of the frequency scale of electromagnetic waves have different qualities - mass / anti-mass, charge, Force Field...

γ-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, optical radiation, infrared radiation, electromagnetic terahertz radiation, electromagnetic micro and radio waves... And this is only the Physical Plane... There are also particles - (dash) - radiation of other Planes, higher than the Physical - Astral, Mental, Buddhic, Atmic, Monadic.

The heaviest particles tend to get closer to the surface (to the center of the atom) - like all heavy substances on any planet or celestial body.

The smaller the mass of the photon, the less it is attracted by the atom, and the less it tends to its surface, and the worse it is retained in the composition of the atom.

Thus, the violet part of the visible spectrum is deposited on the atom in the first place. Then blue photons. Then green, yellow, orange, and finally red. They are above everyone else. And it is most difficult for them to stay in the composition of the atom. And when heated, they are emitted first.

Look at the flame of a burning candle or match. Its upper part is red, and the lower part is violet, turning into blue above.

And the halo around electrical appliances is the same - purple-blue colors are closer to the light source, orange-red colors farthest.

So, gradually, we bring you to the thought of the reasons for the coloration of bodies, substances and atoms.

What will be the Force Field of the atom in quality and magnitude, such color solar photons will be accumulated on the surface of the atom. If the red ones are held in the composition of the atom (the Field of Attraction is large) - the color of the atom will be red. If the reds are not held and the orange do, then the color is orange.

And so on.

Moreover, pay attention to an important fact!

The photons of solar origin (of any range), accumulating inside the atom and on the surface, change its Force Field!

Therefore, in the course of chemical reactions substances often change their color. Photons / electrons flew from one atom to another - and that's it! The Force Field of both atoms has changed!

This means that the external perception has also changed - color, shine, black color, white, transparency, etc.

That is the whole explanation - in general terms - of the reasons for the coloring of atoms in one color or another. And also their shine, etc. - i.e. other optical characteristics.

Everything else requires a more thorough approach and a specific analysis of each case.

We really hope that the series of these books and these articles will attract the attention of inquisitive minds who are able to think outside the box, but at the same time respect logic and facts!

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If a substance consists of atoms of the same type, then it is easiest to give color assessment of a given substance. The visible photons prevailing at the periphery of the elements of a given substance determine the main color line that characterizes the given substance. Visible photons of another quality, which are contained in the periphery of the atom in smaller quantity, give the "main" color certain shades. As a result, the color of an atom of some particular type is formed.

If the composition of the substance contains chemical elements of different types, then the main color becomes even more complicated.

As a result, in the surrounding world we can observe not so many substances painted in pure colors - i.e. in one of the colors of the rainbow (spectrum). Very often we see a combination of complementary colors - orange, green and purple, giving rise to colors that are very far from the six main ones.

Purposefully, people have learned in large volumes to isolate or create a substance-dyes having a pure color. It is for this reason that pure colors are most often present in the coloring of industrial products and food packaging. And all our everyday life, as a result, is decorated with all the colors of the rainbow.